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The Name Xt232

Fewdays back i lost all my blogs in a server crash and i had no backup, so i decided to try for all new portal with new domain name and all hosted in blogger (i guess hosting free with 99% uptime and secure from crash google blogger is best)

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Questions

1. What is a Stub function? Ans : A function without any definition which presents no error when called. 2. Why there are two ld scripts generated by STM32Cube IDE? Ans: The CubeIDE always presents two different LDscripts on for generating the executable for Debugging which goes to RAM another for normal code upload that goes to flash memory. 3. What is Supervisory Mode/ privileged mode ? Ans : When you are using a Kernel then there are two modes user mode and privileged mode. In User mode the applications cant have system calls. 4. What is "make -j6" ? Ans : Make has an argument for number of jobs, so when you add -j6 it will create 6 different compiler instances, so that the systems could use multicore to the fullest.  Linux people generally do add "-j $(nproc)" where nproc is a command line which returns number of processors attached. 5. What is weak attribute ? Ans : Weak attribute used to denote weak symbols which helps linkers to choose one function out of mul...
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#@$%

  #include  "msp430x21x2.h"     #define PWM_OUTPUT              0x03 #define DUTY_CYCLE              TA0CCR2 #define MAX_LIMIT               300   /* #define no_of_samples           1 #define duty_cycle_limit        1000 #define temp_sensor             0xA000   #define panel_selection_cutoff  250 */ #define PV_VOLTAGE              INCH_0 #define PV_CURRENT              INCH_1 #define BATT_VOLTAGE            INCH_2 #define BATT_CURRENT            INCH_3   #define UPPER_CRG_LVL           0x0105 // 0x00FF // 0x00F5 //0x023A #define LOWER_CRG_LVL   ...
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STM32 Port configuration via structures

 How Does STM32CubeIDE   /*Configure GPIO pin : Pd3 */   GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_3;   GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;   GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;   GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;   HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOd, &GPIO_InitStruct);  Now what is GPIOD and GPIO_InitStruct GPIOD the definition is deep inside CMSIS "Drivers\CMSIS\Device\ST\STM32F4xx\Include\stm32f411xe.h" #define GPIOD               ((GPIO_TypeDef *) GPIOD_BASE) and  GPIOD_BASE declared in same file #define GPIOD_BASE            (AHB1PERIPH_BASE + 0x0C00UL) Now GPIO_InitStruct is comes from  the line GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};  so the structure GPIO_InitTypeDef is as follows as defined in  typedef struct {   uint32_t Pin; /*!< Specifies the GPIO pins to be configured.     This parameter can be any value of @ref GPIO_p...
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